gas.
Hydrogen..................... 27.14 46.75
Marsh gas.................... 25.35 11.27
Carbon monoxide.............. 26.84 18.65
Illuminants.................. 14.63 7.59
Ethane....................... ---- 6.82
Carbon dioxide............... 3.02 0.50
Oxygen....................... 0.15 0.17
Nitrogen..................... 2.87 8.25
------ ------
100.00 100.00
In the illuminants, if we add the higher members of the methane series
present to the olefines, we see they are about equal in each gas,
while the low percentage of nitrogen in the Lowe gas is due to more
careful working, and could easily be attained with the Van Steenbergh
plant by allowing the first portion of water gas to wash out the
producer gas before the hopper on top is closed.
The cracking of the naphtha by the red hot coke is undoubtedly a great
advantage, for, as I have pointed out, the cracking of rushing
petroleum is an exothermic reaction, so that the coke at the top of
the generator gets hotter and hotter, and it is no unusual thing to
see the coke at the beginning of the make cherry red at the bottom
and dull red at the top, while at the end of the make it is almost
black at the bottom and cherry red at the top, in this way attaining
the same advantage in working that the Springer and Loomis do by their
down blast, that is, having the fuel at its hottest where the gas
finally leaves it, so as to reduce the quantity of carbon dioxide, and
so lessen the expense of purification.
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