This conception of the molecules and atoms as the
ultimate units of which matter is composed maintained its place until
the discovery of radioactivity and its associated phenomena, about
1896; since which time we have definitely ascertained that even the
atoms are separable into still smaller units, and that possibly these
units are _all alike_. On this last possibility, it would surely be a
most amazing fact if such multitudinous "properties" of bodies could be
produced merely by variations in the arrangements of these ultimate
units into atoms, or in some other way which produces vast differences
in properties by combinations of units that are nevertheless mere
duplicates of one another.
As hydrogen is the lightest of the elements, it has been a favorite
theory with scientists that the various elements are all composed of
combinations of hydrogen atoms. But since many of the elements have
atomic weights which cannot be made exact multiples of that of hydrogen,
it has been felt that there must be some other smaller unit than the
hydrogen atom; or else that these hydrogen atoms themselves change in
weight when they combine to form other atoms. But mass seems to be the
one unchangeable characteristic of matter; hence it was felt that any
change of weight is almost unthinkable, and so a solution was sought in
the direction of still further dividing the hydrogen atom, the smallest
unit concerned in chemical change, as then understood.
Pages:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25